Besides the leaders, how was it decided who would live in Jerusalem once the wall was rebuilt?

Answer: Lots chose one in every ten

The leaders settled in Jerusalem, and the rest cast lots to bring one out of ten to live in the holy city; nine stayed in their towns.

“Now the leaders of the people settled in Jerusalem, and the rest of the people cast lots to bring one out of ten to live in the holy city of Jerusalem, while the remaining nine were to dwell in their own towns. And the people blessed all the men who volunteered to live in Jerusalem.”— Nehemiah 11:1-2 (BSB)