What name did Jesus give to Simon?

Answer: Peter

Jesus told Simon, "You will be called Cephas" (Peter), and later, "You are Peter, and on this rock I will build My church."

“And I tell you that you are Peter, and on this rock I will build My church, and the gates of Hades will not prevail against it. Andrew brought him to Jesus, who looked at him and said, “You are Simon son of John. You will be called Cephas” (which is translated as Peter).”— Matthew 16:18; John 1:42 (BSB)