What was to be kept on the gold-covered table before the LORD at all times?

Answer: The Bread of the Presence

God told Moses to place the Bread of the Presence (KJV: "shewbread") on the acacia table overlaid with pure gold.

“You are also to make a table of acacia wood two cubits long, a cubit wide, and a cubit and a half high. Overlay it with pure gold and make a gold molding around it. And place the Bread of the Presence on the table before Me at all times.”— Exodus 25:23-24, 25:30 (BSB)